Monday, February 6, 2012 at 11:29 PM

Prefixes and Suffixes

The prefix "anti" before a word means against.
  • anti-smoking
  • anti-terrorism
  • anti-freeze

The prefix "semi" before a word means half.
  • semi-finals
  • semi-circular
  • semi-conscious

The suffix "ism" after a word, turns the word into an abstract noun or an idea.
  • environmentalism
  • capitalism
  • sexism

The suffix "ist" after a word, turns the word into a person who believes in the idea.
  • Terrorist
  • Feminist
  • Sexist
  • Environmentalist

Copular verbs

Appear to have + Past participle
We use this structure when we are making guesses about someone's past actions based on what we can see.
  • You appear to have come to the wrong place.
  • He appears to have eaten too much.
  • He appears to have bought a new car.

Seem to have + Past participle
We use this structure when we make guesses about what has happened based on evidence. (Objective facts and emotional impressions)
  • The car seems to have broken down.
  • They seem to have missed their train.
  • It seems ridiculous that we have to stay here.

Tuesday, January 17, 2012 at 8:13 PM

Word formation

VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB
developdevelopmentdeveloping-
conserveconservationconservationist-
intensifyintensificationintensiveintensively
createcreationcreativecreatively
protectprotectionprotectiveprotectively
commercializecommercializationcommercialcommercially
aboundabundanceabundantabundantly
negotiatenegotiation--
globalizeglobalizationglobalglobally
deliberatedeliberationdeliberativedeliberately
-sensitivenesssensitivesensitively


Verb: A verb is a word (part of speech) that in syntax conveys an action or a state of being.
  • I {verb} something


Noun: A noun is a word used to name a person, animal, place, thing or abstract idea.
  • The {Noun} was according the plans


Adjective: An adjective is a name for a word that modifies (describes) a noun. Nouns are words that name a place, a person, a thing, or an idea. An adjective is a word that gives more information about the noun that goes with it (accompanies). Note: An adjective can't be plural.
  • The {adjective} work gave us a high profit.


Adverb: An adverb is a word used to tell more about a verb, and it almost always answers the questions how?, when?, where?, how often?, and in what way?. Words like slowly, loudly, carefully, quickly, or sadly are all adverbs. Adverbs usually, but not always, end in -ly.
  • The work was done {adverb}

Sunday, November 6, 2011 at 7:37 PM

Have to / Have got to

In American English we can use "I have to go", whereas in British English the form "I have got to go" is more common.

In spoken English, specially in American English, these forms are also possible:

  • I gotta go now
  • you gotta go now
  • He's/She's gotta go
  • It's gotta go
  • We gotta go now
  • Thew gotta go now

Note that the form is different with he/she/it, and it's not normally used in written English.

More expressions which are frequently used in informal speech are:

  • gotta = go to
  • gonna = going to
  • wanna = want to

Sunday, October 30, 2011 at 2:18 PM

Get something done

We can use get + pronoun + infinitive to talk about arranging for some job or task to be done for us by somebody else. This structure is mostly used in informal spoken English.

  • I got them to reduce the price a bit. (I asked them to reduce it, and they did)
  • She's very good at getting people to do things for her. (When she asks them, they usually agree to help her)
  • John got someone in to fix the air conditioning. (He arrange for someone to come in to fix it)
  • If you don't want to do the housework yourself, why don't you get someone in to do it for you?

We can use "get something done" instead of "have something done" (Mainly in informal spoken English)
  • When are you going to get the roof repaired? (When are you going to have the roof repaired)
  • I think you should get your hair cut really short. (I think you should have your hair cut short)

Monday, July 18, 2011 at 10:24 PM

Have something done

We can use this structure when we arrange for something to be done for us: Have + object + past participle

  • I'm having my card fixed.
  • I'm going to have my hair cut tomorrow.
  • Where did you have your hair cut?
  • Your hair looks nice. Have you had your hair cut?
  • We had the house redecorated last month.
  • I should really have this place cleaned.
  • We need to have the air conditioning repaired.
  • All people are waiting to have their photos taken.
  • Ask the assistance to have the windows cleaned.
  • We need to have the flowers replaced.
  • Lisa had the roof repaired.
  • Did you have those curtains made?
  • We are having our house painted.
  • How often do you have your hair cut?
  • I think you should have your coat cleaned.

Friday, April 8, 2011 at 9:12 PM